森林康养步道五感体验需求与潜在游客体验意愿分析

【目的/意义】通过探索五感体验需求对潜在游客体验意愿的驱动影响,以期能够准确理解与把握潜在游客的行为意向,为森林康养步道设计提供理论参考。【方法/过程】以潜在游客为研究对象,借助AMOS构建结构方程模型,并引入“认知程度”这一调节变量进行层级回归分析。【结果/结论】结果表明:五感体验需求对潜在游客选择体验森林康养步道的意愿具有正向显著影响;在森林康养步道中,对五感体验需求影响最大的为触觉体验需求,其次为嗅觉体验需求、视觉体验需求和听觉体验需求,影响最小的是味觉体验需求;潜在游客对森林康养的认知程度对于五感体验需求与体验意愿之间的关系具有正向调节作用。     

Screening of antagonistic Trichoderma strains and their application for controlling stalk rot in maize

Maize is one of the major crops in China, but maize stalk rot occurs nationwide and has become one of the major challenges in maize production in China. In order to find an environment-friendly and feasible technology to control this disease, a Trichoderma-based biocontrol agent was selected. Forty-eight strains with various inhibition activities to Fusarium graminearum, and Fusarium verticillioides were tested. A group of Trichoderma strains(DLY31, SG3403, DLY1303 and GDFS1009) were found to provide an inhibition rate to pathogen growth in vitro of over 70%. These strains also prevented pathogen infection over 65% and promoted the maize seedling growth for the main root in vivo by over 50%. Due to its advantage in antifungal activity against pathogens and promotion activity to maize, Trichoderma asperellum GDSF1009 was selected as the most promising strain of the biocontrol agent in the Trichoderma spectrum. Pot experiments showed that the Trichoderma agent at 2–3 g/pot could achieve the best control of seedling stalk rot and promotion of maize seedling growth. In the field experiments, 8–10 g/hole was able to achieve over 65% control to stalk rot, and yield increased by 2–11%. In the case of natural morbidity, the control efficiency ranged from 27.23 to 48.84%, and the rate of yield increase reached 11.70%, with a dosage of Trichoderma granules at 75 kg ha~(-1). Based on these results, we concluded that the Trichoderma agent is a promising biocontrol approach to stalk rot in maize.     

2019年汛期"利奇马"超强台风对沈北新区的影响

沈北新区2019年8月11—15日受到“利奇马”超强台风的影响,分析台风的过程和沈北新区的地理条件,从地理与农作物两方面用实例数据与计算比较说明受到影响的严重性,并对超强台风的应对进行了拟定。     

十里香茶离体培养及再生体系研究

为了保护珍贵的十里香茶树资源,掌握利于十里香茶的最优组培条件,本研究对十里香茶组培过程中外植体类型、消毒时间、培养基添加物及培养条件进行了筛选。结果表明,采用轻微木质化的带腋芽茎段经升汞消毒15 min,接种后暗培养5 d,MS+0.2 mg·L^-1 NAA培养基中添加3 mg·L^-1 PVP+2000 mg·L^-1 Vc或者6 mg·L^-1 PVP+3000 mg·L^-1 AC,可在低污染率的前提下将褐化率降为10%左右,一定程度上解决了茶树组培中褐化率高的难题;采用1/8 MS+1 mg·L^-1 IBA培养基有利于外植体生根且增殖迅速。本研究建立了十里香茶的无菌苗离体培养及再生体系,可通过组培手段对其进行大量繁殖。     

油-棉连作棉田油菜秸秆覆盖对棉田杂草发生及土壤杂草种子库的动态影响

在安徽省沿江棉区开展了油菜秸秆覆盖对棉田杂草发生、棉花生长及土壤杂草种子库影响的研究。结果表明,随着油菜秸秆覆盖量的增加,对棉田杂草的抑制效果增强。与未覆盖秸秆且不除草处理相比较,7000Kg/hm²秸秆覆盖量处理棉花单株铃数和子棉产量显著提高。7000Kg/hm²秸秆覆盖量处理在覆盖后30d、60d和120d逐步减少0-20cm土层杂草种子库密度,与全程除草剂处理较一致；随着覆盖量减少,对0-20cm土层杂草种子库密度降低幅度减小。全程除草剂处理降低0-5cm土层杂草种子库多样性,而油菜秸秆覆盖则可能增加0-5cm土层的杂草种子库多样性。3500Kg/hm²覆盖量+秸秆覆盖30d后喷施除草剂处理的抑草效果和增产效果与全程除草剂处理一致。因此,在安徽省沿江棉区油-棉连作棉田推荐使用3500Kg/hm²油菜秸秆覆盖量+秸秆覆盖30d后喷施除草剂。     

我国农作物绿色食品的生产瓶颈和生产前景

生产农作物绿色食品是农业的发展方向，也是可持续发展的必然要求，是世界范围都要引起 重视的普遍课题，我国更需迫切重视。使用一般的无公害杀虫剂是不能生产出绿色食品的，而目前病 虫害绿色防控技术还不成熟，现在可用于绿色食品生产的高效无毒的杀虫剂在我国已首先研究出来 了，当前缺少的仅是农产品市场完备的农药残留检测机制，解决这个瓶颈问题可给绿色食品创造存在 的空间，从而实现农业绿色产业大发展，这一天的到来已为期不远。     

新型农村合作医疗补偿机制对农村老人住院服务利用的影响——基于健康差异的视角

基于健康差异视角,利用福建省农村老年人住院服务利用调研数据,采用日常生活自理能力、工具性日常生活活动能力和认知能力3个指标来评定农村老年人健康状况,并在此基础上通过聚类分析法将农村老人的健康状况分为3个等级,然后再运用两部模型重点考察新型农村合作医疗补偿机制对不同健康水平农村老人住院服务利用的影响及差异。结果表明:乡级医疗机构的报销补偿对农村老人就医选择的影响不存在健康差异,但是高级别医院的报销补偿与补偿封顶线对健康较差的老人的影响更大。另外,新农合补偿机制中乡级医院报销比例与补偿封顶线的提高对老人住院支出有显著影响,且乡级医疗机构报销倾斜对所有健康等级老人的住院医疗支出都有显著影响。     

氮肥、密度对寒地超级稻‘龙粳31’产量的互作效应研究

试验采用单因子和二次正交旋转组合设计,探讨氮肥密度互作对寒地超级稻‘龙粳31’产量、干物质重及产量构成的影响情况。结果表明:产量与氮肥、密度均呈显著的二次曲线关系,同时氮肥密度对产量互作效应明显,中等施氮量和较高密度互作更易获得高产。互作效应下氮肥取135.0 kg/hm2、密度取34.6穴/m2时,产量最高达9948.17 kg/hm2。高氮肥高密度配合,齐穗期干物质重最重,但此时产量却显著下降。高氮肥和高密度配合更容易获得较多穗数;但中等施氮量和较低的密度配合更易获得大穗;氮肥密度与千粒重不存在互作效应。因此科学合理的氮肥、密度相互配合,从而构建合理的群体结构,获得适宜的齐穗期干物质重,才能发挥超级稻的产量潜力。     

根域限制栽培对主干形‘圆梦’桃生长和果实品质的影响

根域限制栽培具有控制树冠、促进果树成花的优点，适宜在主干形整枝的密植果园中应用，但不同品种桃表现不同。‘圆梦’桃是由‘湖景蜜露’和‘白丽’杂交而来的中晚熟新品种，为明确‘圆梦’用作南方密植品种的适用性，以浙江省桃主栽品种‘湖景蜜露’为对照品种，对其营养生长、成花量和果实品质进行了研究，结果表明根域限制栽培的‘圆梦’树体营养生长和枝条成花量与‘湖景蜜露’基本一致，且果型大小、糖度、色泽更优。     

Do cover crops change the lability of phosphorus in a clayey subtropical soil under different phosphate fertilizers?

Plants have developed different mechanisms to absorb and solubilize phosphorus (P) in the soil, especially in environments with low P availability. This study evaluated the effects of different winter cover crops on soil P availability in a clayey subtropical (Hapludox) soil receiving soluble P fertilizer and a rock phosphate applied to the summer crop, under no‐tillage. The experiment was carried out over 3 yrs (2009–2011) with five different cover crop species: common vetch, fodder radish, ryegrass, black oat, white clover and fallow as control. The soil was sampled after the third year of cover crop cultivation and analysed for inorganic and organic P forms according to the well‐established Hedley fractionation procedure. Phosphate fertilizers promoted accumulation of both labile and nonlabile P pools in soil in the near surface layer, especially under rock phosphate. Fertilizer applications were not able to change P fractions in deeper layers, emphasizing that the Brazilian clayey soils are a sink of P from fertilizer and its mobility is almost nil. Although the cover crops recycled a great amount of P in tissue, in a short‐term evaluation (3 yrs) they only changed the content of moderately labile P in soil, indicating that long‐term studies are needed for more conclusive results.